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Abstract: What is the most singular possible singularity? What can we say about it's geometric and algebraic properties? This seemingly naive question has a sensible answer in characteristic p. The "F-pure threshold," which is an analog of the log canonical threshold,  can be used to "measure" how bad a singularity is. The F-pure threshold is a numerical invariant of a point  on (say)  a hypersurface---a positive rational number that is 1 at any smooth point (or more generally, any F-pure point) but less than one in general, with "more singular" points having smaller F-pure thresholds. We explain a recently proved  lower bound on the F-pure threshold in terms of the multiplicity of the singularity. We also show that there is a nice class of hypersurfaces--which we call "Extremal hypersurfaces"---for which this bound is achieved. These have very nice (extreme!) geometric properties. For example, the affine cone over a non Frobenius split cubic surface of characteristic two is one example of an "extremal singularity". Geometrically, these are the only cubic surfaces with the property that *every* triple of coplanar lines on the surface meets in a single point (rather than a "triangle" as expected)--a very extreme property indeed.

Notes 3.57 MB application/pdf

Extremal Singularities in Prime Characteristic